ÎÂÊÒЧӦ(greenhouseeffect)

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greenhouseeffect

Warmingoftheearth'ssurfaceandloweratmospherethattendstointensifywithanincreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxideandcertainothergases.Visiblelightfromthesunheatstheearth'ssurface.Partofthisenergyisreradiatedintheformoflong-waveinfraredradiation,muchofwhichisabsorbedbymoleculesofcarbondioxideandwatervaporintheatmosphereandreradiatedbacktowardthesurfaceasmoreheat.Thisprocessisanalogoustotheglasspanesofagreenhousethattransmitsunlightbutholdinheat.Thetrappingofinfraredradiationcausestheearth'ssurfaceandloweratmospheretowarmmorethantheyotherwisewould,makingthesurfacehabitable.Theincreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxidecausedbywidespreadcombustionoffossilfuelsmayintensifythegreenhouseeffectandcauselong-termclimaticchanges.Anincreaseinatmosphericconcentrationsofothertracegasessuchaschlorofluorocarbons,nitrousoxide,andmethanemayalsoaggravategreenhouseconditions.Itisestimatedthatsincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolutiontheamountofatmosphericcarbondioxidehasincreased30%,whiletheamountofmethanehasdoubled.TodaytheU.S.isresponsibleforaboutone-fifthofallhuman-producedgreenhouse-gasemissions.Seealsoglobalwarming.